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Allan B. Calhamer
Allan Brian Calhamer (December 7, 1931 - February 25, 2013)〔"United States Social Security Death Index," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/KXZZ-88P : accessed 11 Mar 2013), Allan B Calhamer, 25 February 2013.〕 was an American mail carrier who invented the board game ''Diplomacy''.
==Career==
Calhamer speculated that his original inspiration for ''Diplomacy'' was an article in ''Life'' magazine about the Congress of Vienna he read in 1945 at age 13.〔 Gordon Leavitt, a childhood friend of Calhamer's recounted how, when they were boys in La Grange Park, Illinois, he and Calhamer "discovered in the attic a geography book that showed a map of Europe before World War I with the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the old boundaries." Calhamer received his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1953, then began at Harvard Law School. Reading ''The Origins of the World War'' by professor Sidney Bradshaw Fay, whose class he attended, finally galvanized Calhamer.〔 In 1954, while still enrolled, he developed a game of strategy and alliances that put seven players in control of the major powers of the pre-World War I era. He quit law school after one year, and Sylvain Labs hired him as a systems analyst. He also worked as tour guide for the Statue of Liberty during this period.〔
In 1959, Calhamer published his game as ''Diplomacy'' and printed 500 copies.〔 After selling all of them in six months, he licensed the game to a publisher. Over the years, ''Diplomacy'' has been published in North America by Games Research, Avalon Hill, and Hasbro, and has been published in several different languages in other nations by various publishers. Calhamer's original face-to-face board game has also been played by mail since 1963. More recently, there are internet ''Diplomacy'' games, games run through email or in online games with a human game master. Calhamer later invented two other games, but neither achieved anything like the success of ''Diplomacy''.〔
Calhamer wrote a book, ''Calhamer on Diplomacy: The Boardgame "Diplomacy" and Diplomatic History'', but the game did not provide him with a living. In the 1990s he retired from working as a mail carrier and lived his last years in La Grange Park.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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